Large Sizes
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Sizing
Sizing is a substance that is applied to fibers during paper manufacture in order to curb their tendency to absorb liquids by capillary action. By doing so, sizing keeps the ink on the surface of the paper where it was intended to remain. In addition, sizing affects abrasiveness, creasibility, finish, printability, smoothness, and surface bond strength, and decreases surface porosity and fuzzing.
There are two major types of sizing: ''engine'' (rosin) and ''surface'' (''tub''). Rosin sizing is applied to almost all papers and especially to all those that are machine made, while tub sizing is added for the highest grade bond, ledger, and writing papers. Tub sizing consists of gelatin glue and / or starch and is generally only used for handmade papers. Rosin is an amphipathic molecule, having both hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) ends. The rosin coats the paper fiber and forms a film, with the hydrophilic tail facing the fiber and the hydrophobic tail facing outwards. This creates a water-repellent situation, which causes the water-based ink to remain outside on the paper surface.
There are three categories of papers with respect to sizing: ''unsized'' (''water-leaf''), ''weak sized'' (''slack sized''), and ''strong sized'' (''hard sized''). Waterleaf has low water resistance and includes absorbent papers for blotting. Slack sized paper is somewhat absorbent and includes newsprint, while hard sized papers have the highest water resistance.
Category:Paper
On Being The Right Size
This article is obviously copied from elsewhere on the net. It was all typed in one edit by 66.116.71.28? I don't think so. It also has a bad title and, I feel, waffles.--[User:Gabriel Webber|Gabriel | talk] 17:49, 4 Nov 2004 (UTC)
On Being The Right Size
On Being the Right Size is a 1928 essay by J. B. S. Haldane. It discusses proportions in the animal world and the essential link between the size of an animal and these systems an animal has for life.
http://www.cmmp.ucl.ac.uk/~jlf/haldane_essay.html On Being the Right Size - one of many locations online where the text is available
Being the Right Size
Three Sizes
In human body measurement, the three sizes are the circumferences of bust, waist and hips; usually rendered as ''three sizes: xx-yy-zz'' in centimeters or inches. The three sizes are used mostly in fashion, and almost exclusively in reference to women. The ideal three sizes for a woman are said to be 90-70-90 cm.
Body proportions
Human height
Shoe size
Anthropometry
Category:Measurement Category:Anatomy
Key Size
In cryptography, the key size (alternatively key length) is a measure of the number of possible keys which can be used in a cipher. Because modern cryptography uses binary keys, the length is usually specified in bits. The length of a key is critical in determining the susceptibility of a cipher to exhaustive search attacks.
Significance
Keys are used to control the operation of a cipher so that only the correct key can convert encrypted text (ciphertext) to plaintext. Many ciphers are based on publicly known algorithms or are open source, and so it is only the difficulty of obtaining the key that determines security of the system, provided that there is no analytic attack (ie, a 'structural weakness' in the algorithms or protocols used), and assuming that the key is not otherwise available (such as via theft, extortion, or compromise of computer systems). The widely accepted notion that the security of the system should depend on the key alone has been explicitly formulated by Auguste Kerckhoffs (in the 1880s) and Claude Shannon (in the 1940s); the statements are known as Kerckhoffs' law and Shannon's Maxim respectively.
A key should therefore be large enough that a brute force attack (possible against any encryption algorithm) is infeasible – i.e, would take too long to execute. Shannon's work on information theory showed that to achieve perfect secrecy, it is necessary for the key length to be at least as large as that of the message to be transmitted. In light of this, and the practical difficulty of managing such long keys, modern cryptographic practice has discarded the notion of perfect secrecy as a requirement for encryption, and instead focuses on ''computational security''. Under this definition, the computational requirements of breaking an encrypted text must be infeasible for an attacker.
The preferred numbers commonly used as key sizes (in bits) are powers of two, potentially multiplied with a small odd integer.
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Large Sizes
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